作文类型详解，经典语句总结！
一、作文类型
1、按体裁分为四种基本类型:
（1）记叙文---- 写事记叙文、 写人的记叙文
（2）议论文---- 对比观点议论文、说明利弊议论文
（3）说明文---- 事理类说明文、事物类说明文
（4）应用文---- 书信、通知、日记、海报、便条、启事、欢迎词、欢送词、告别词、广告
2、按话题的写作内容分：
学校生活，语言学习，网络世界，健康饮食，人 际关系，个人情感，节假日生活，社会生活，人物描写，计划与愿望，旅游与交通，世界与环境。
3、按写作形式可以分为：提纲作文，图画作文，图表作文，（半）开放作文。
二、作文类型详解
1、记叙文
（1）写事记叙文：写事记叙文--- 叙述已经发生的事情，包括故事发生的时间、地点和人物
【写作分析】
写事记叙文，以时间为中心组织材料，围绕中心事件，将人物、时间、地点、 原因和结果, 即 五个“W”（ what,
who, when, where, why）和一个”How”
【几点注意】
①正确使用时态和人称
a.时态：多用一般过去时，灵活使用其他时态
b.人称：第一人称（记叙本人的经历或耳闻目睹的事件）；第三人称（记叙他人的经历或事件）
②叙述内容要突出中心，详略得当，清楚连贯, 事件信息点的表述不要完全按照所给的顺序，要适当重组信息点，正确运用一些过渡词及短语，使故事有条理、连贯、流畅。
③常见叙述线索
a.以时间为线索，按时间的顺序展开
b.以地点为线索，以地点的转移为顺序展开
c.以事件发展的过程为线索，或以人物出现的先后次序展开
（2）写人记叙文：写人记叙文--- 人物的成长经历、爱好、特长、家庭背景和成就
【写作分析】
写人记叙文，一般为肖像描写、行动描写、语言描写、心理描写以及对细节的描写，应根据要求，灵活掌握，突出重点。
【几点注意】
①使用正确人称和时态。
a.时态：一般现在时--描写人物外貌、性格、兴趣等；一般过去时-- 描写人物出生、教育背景、经历、事迹
b.人称：第一人称或第三人称
②介绍人物的姓名、年龄、外貌、学历、经历、专业、爱好、特长、事迹、性格等，包括所给的全部信息点， 不能遗漏或随意添加。
③对所给的信息进行适当重组，安排好写作顺序，突出重点信息。
（3）记叙文写作常用短语及句型：
1.短语：
1）kinds of 各种各样的
2）either…or…或者……或者……,不是……就是……
3）neither…nor…既不……也不……
4）no longer/more=not…any longer/more 不再
5）turn on打开(电灯、收音机、煤气等)
6）turn off 关
7）be famous for 因……而著名
8）on ones'way to在……途中
9）wait for 等待
10）in time 及时
11）make one’s way to…往……(艰难地)走去
12）just then 正在那时
13）get on 上车
14）get off 下车
15）laugh at 嘲笑
16）in fact 实际上
17）at midnight 在半夜
18）have a good time=enjoy oneself玩得愉快
19）stop…from doing sth. 阻止……干某事
20）have a headache 头痛
21）as soon as… 一……就……
22）feel like doing sth. 想要干某事
23）fall asleep 入睡
24）wake up 醒来,叫醒
25）instead of 代替
26）look over 检查
27）take exercise运动
28）at the weekend 在周末
29）on time 按时
30）run away 逃跑
31）take(good) care of…=look after…(well) (好好)照顾,照料
32）think of 考虑到,想起
句型
1）So + be/助动词/情态动词+主语.
前面陈述的肯定情况也适于另一人(物)时,常用到这种倒装结构,表示“另一人(物)也如此。”前面陈述的否定情况也适于另一人(物)时,常用“Neither/ Nor + be/助动词/情态动词+主语.”这种倒装结构。
neither...nor... , both...and... , either...or... , not only...but also...等句型要遵循相邻原则。
2）Turn right/left at the first/second/…crossing.
这一指路的句型意为“在第一/二/……个十字路口向右/左拐。”相当于Take the first /second/…turning on theright/left.
3）It takes sb.some time to do sth.
此句型表示“干某事花了某人一段时间。”其中的it是形式主语,后面的动词不定式(短语)才是真正的主语.
就等于spent time on sth / spent time in doing sth
4）…think/find + it + adj. + to do sth.
此句型中的it是形式宾语,不可用其它代词替代,形容词作宾语的补足语,后面的动词不定式(短语)才是真正的宾语。
5）What’s wrong with…?
此句型相当于What’s the matter/ trouble with…?后跟某物作宾语时,意为“某物出什么毛病了?”后跟某人作宾语时,意为“某人怎么了?”
6）too…to…
在so…that…复合句中,that后的句子是否定句时,常与简单句too…to…(太……而不能……)进行句型转换。
在so…that…复合句中,that后的句子是肯定句时,常与简单句…enough to…进行句型转换.
7）Sorry to hear that.
全句应为I’m sorry to hear that. 意为“听到此事我很难过(遗憾)。”常用于对别人的不幸表示同情、遗憾之意
2、议论文
（1）类型：对比观点、说明利弊、评论、杂文、感想等。
（2）三要素：论点、论据和论证方法。
（3）议论文又叫说理文，是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表意见、提出主张的文体。作者通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非，以确定其观点正确或错误，树立或否定某种主张。
（4）议论文的常用句型：
1.导入句：
1）At present,Currently,Recently,Nowadays,acritical issue/problem/phenomenon （has been brought into the focus / has aroused a wide concern of the public. ）
2）It is becoming increasingly popular for people to...
3）There is a growing tendency these days for students to...
中心论句：
同意
1）Frankly speaking,I am in favor of / agree with...
2）As far as I am concerned,I am in favor of the point of...
3）From my point of view,I support the statement above.
反对
1）Personally, I am against the viewpoint that...
2）I can never accept the viewpoint that...
3）In my opinion, this standpoint is totally wrong.
中立
1）However, I would like to take a more neutral position.
2）In my opinion, both viewpoints make some sense.
倾向
1）As far as I am concerned, the advantages outweigh its disadvantages.
2）From my part, I tend to agree with...
3）From my point of view, I am inclined to support the point of...
结尾
1）In conclusion, to sum up, after all,...
2）From what has been discussed above, we can safely draw (reach) the conclusion that...
3）Therefore, we can conclude now that...
3、说明文：
（1）类型：
事物类说明文--产品介绍、地点介绍、现象说明
事理类说明文--调查报告、事情的发展变化等
（2）形式及写作步骤：文字提示、图表（表格table， 曲线图graph，饼状图pie chart, 柱状图bar chart）
1.文字提示说明文写作步骤：
1）根据一定的中心，重新分类要点，把全文划分成几个相对独立部分，概括每部分大意。
2）使用过渡词把每部分大意连接起来。
2.图表说明文写作步骤：
1）开门见山地点明本图表所反映的主题。
2）分析数据间的主要差异及趋势,然后描写（分类式或对比式）, 并阐明必要的理由。
3）归纳总结或发表评论（有时第三步可省略）。
（3）说明文的常用句型：
1．表示原因
1）The reasons for this are as follows．
2）The reason for this is obvious．
3）The reason for this is that．．．
2．表示好处
1）It has the following advantages．
2）It benefits us quite a lot．
3）It is of great benefit to us．
3．表示坏处
1）It has more disadvantages than advantages．
2）It does us much harm．
3）It is harmful to us．
4．表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能
1）It is important（necessary，difficult，convenient， possible）for sb．to do sth．
2）We think it necessary to do sth．
3）It plays an important role in our life．
5．表示措施
1）We should take some effective measures．
2）We should try our best to overcome（conquer）the difficulties．
3）We should solve the problems that we are confronted（faced）with．
6．表示变化
1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years．
2）A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications．
3）The computer has brought about many changes in education．
7．表示事实、现状
1）No one can deny the fact that．．．
2）This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in．
3）However，that’s not the case．
8．表示比较
1）Compared with A，B．．．
2）I prefer to read rather than watch TV．
3）There is a striking contrast between them．
9．表示数量
1）It has increased（decreased）from．．．to．．．
2）The population in this city has now increased （decreased）to．．．
3）The output of July in this factory increased by 15％ compared with that of January．
10．表示看法
1）People have（take，adopt，assume）different attitudes towards sth．
2）People have different opinions on this problem．
3）Some people believe that．．．Others argue that．．．
11．表示结论
1）In short，it can be said that ．．．
2）It may be briefly summed up as follows．
3）From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that ．．．
12．套语
1）It’s well known to us that ．．．
2）As is known to us，．．．
3）This is a topic that is being widely talked about．
4、应用文
（1）类型:书信、通知、日记、海报、便条、启事、欢迎词、欢送词、告别词、广告
（注：书信类型: 事务书信和私人信件 （求职信、投诉信、慰问信、建议信、说明信、感谢信…）
（2）基本写作格式：
信头（Headings）、称呼（Salutation）、正文（Body）、结束语（Closing）、签名（Signature）
（3）应用文的常用句型:
1.邀请信
1）request the pleasure of 恭请...
2）The favor of a reply is requested 敬赐复函
3）May I have the honor of your company at dinner? 敬备菲酌，恭请光临
4）Thank you for inviting us to dinner 谢谢您邀请我们共进晚餐
5）I hope you’re not too busy to come. 我期望您会在百忙中光临
6）The reception will be held in ...,on ... 招待会定于...在...举行
7）We sincerely/faithfully hope you can attend…. 我们期待您的光临
8）We have decided to have a party in honor of the occasion为此我们决定举办一次晚会
9）Please confirm your participation at your earliest convenience 是否参加，请早日告之
2.感谢信
1）Thank you very much for .... 十分感谢……
2）Many thanks for your ... 非常感谢您……
3）Please accept my sincere appreciation for ... 请接受我对……真挚的感谢
4）I am truly grateful to you for ... 为了……，我真心感激您
5）It was good (thoughtful) of you ... 承蒙好意（关心）……
6）You were so kind to send ... 承蒙好意送来……
7）Thank you again for your wonderful hospitality and I am looking forward to seeing you soon. 再次感谢您的盛情款待，并期待不久见到您。
8）I find an ordinary 'thank-you' entirely inadequate to tell you how much... 我觉得一般的感谢的字眼完全不足以表达我对您多么地……
9）I sincerely appreciate ... 我衷心地感谢……
10、I wish to express my profound appreciation for ... 我对……深表谢意
11、Many thanks for you generous cooperation 谢谢贵方的真诚合作
三、写作中可用的谚语
1、Time flies. 时光易逝。
2、Time is money. 一寸光阴一寸金。
3、Time tries all. 时间检验一切。
4、Time past cannot be called back again.或All time is no time when it is past. 光阴一去不复返。
5、Hope for the best, but prepare for the worst. 抱最好的愿望，做最坏的打算。
6、Pleasant hours fly past. 快乐时光去如飞。
7、A good book is the best of friends, the same today and forever. 一本好书，相伴一生。
8、 Everything has its time and that time must be watched. 万物皆有时，时来不可失。
9、Take time when time cometh, lest time steal away. 时来必须要趁时，不然时去无声息。
10、When an opportunity is neglected, it never comes back toyou. 机不可失，时不再来；机会一过，永不再来。
11、Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。
12、Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。
13、If you want knowledge, you must toil for it. 若要求知识，须从勤苦得。
14、It is good to learn at another man’s cost. 前车可鉴。
15、In for a penny, in for a pound. 做事一开头，就要做到底；一不做，二不休。
16、Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。
17、Seeing is believing. 百闻不如一见。
18、An idle youth, a needy age.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。
19、Never think yourself above business. 勿自视过高；不要眼高手低；永远不要认为自己是大才小用。
20、Work makes the workman. 勤工出巧匠。
21、Better master one than engage with ten. 会十事，不如精一事。
22、They who cannot do as they would, must do as they can. 不能如愿而行，也须尽力而为。
23、It is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。
24、He that doth most at once doth least. 什么都想一次做完，结果一件也做不完；贪多嚼不烂。
25、Many hands make quick work. 人多干活快。
26、From small beginning come great things. 伟大始于渺小。
27、 Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well. 凡是值得做的事，就值得做好。
28、Action is the proper fruit of knowledge. 行动是知识之佳果。
29、It is right to put everything in its proper use. 凡事都应用得其所。
30、A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。
四、名人名言
1、Time flies. 时光易逝。
2、Time is money. 一寸光阴一寸金。
3、Time tries all. 时间检验一切。
4、Time past cannot be called back again.或All time is no time when it is past. 光阴一去不复返。
5、Hope for the best, but prepare for the worst. 抱最好的愿望，做最坏的打算。
6、Pleasant hours fly past. 快乐时光去如飞。
7、A good book is the best of friends, the same today and forever. 一本好书，相伴一生。
8、 Everything has its time and that time must be watched. 万物皆有时，时来不可失。
9、Take time when time cometh, lest time steal away. 时来必须要趁时，不然时去无声息。
10、When an opportunity is neglected, it never comes back toyou. 机不可失，时不再来；机会一过，永不再来。
11、Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。
12、Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。
13、If you want knowledge, you must toil for it. 若要求知识，须从勤苦得。
14、It is good to learn at another man’s cost. 前车可鉴。
15、In for a penny, in for a pound. 做事一开头，就要做到底；一不做，二不休。
16、Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。
17、Seeing is believing. 百闻不如一见。
18、An idle youth, a needy age.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。
19、Never think yourself above business. 勿自视过高；不要眼高手低；永远不要认为自己是大才小用。
20、Work makes the workman. 勤工出巧匠。
21、Better master one than engage with ten. 会十事，不如精一事。
22、They who cannot do as they would, must do as they can. 不能如愿而行，也须尽力而为。
23、It is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。
24、He that doth most at once doth least. 什么都想一次做完，结果一件也做不完；贪多嚼不烂。
25、Many hands make quick work. 人多干活快。
26、From small beginning come great things. 伟大始于渺小。
27、 Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well. 凡是值得做的事，就值得做好。
28、Action is the proper fruit of knowledge. 行动是知识之佳果。
29、It is right to put everything in its proper use. 凡事都应用得其所。
30、A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。
