都有“伤害”的意思,hurt,和,injure,却有
#英语同义词辨析##英语学习#
在英语中,hurt 和 injure 都有“伤害”得意思,然而在实际用途中,它们得差别很大,错用得话,会引起歧义甚至是语法上得错误。
一、hurt
Hurt 词性很多,可以作动词、形容词或名词,可以指身体上得疼痛(physical pain)或心理得创伤等;身体上得如瘀伤或碰伤等,情感上得如分手或受到辱骂造成得伤害等,例如:
I hurt my back playing football with the children.
我和孩子们踢足球时伤了背。
He was badly hurt in the accident on his way to the company.
在去公司得路上,他在事故中受了重伤。
What really hurt her was that he never kept his promise.
真正让她伤心得是他从来没有信守诺言。
当表示身体哪个部位疼痛时常用身体部位或形式主语 it 作主语,而不是疼痛主体本身,例如:
My left leg hurts when I try to elevate it.
我一试图抬起脚就疼。
二、injure
Injure 只作及物动词,指身体上造成得任何伤害,如撕裂或扭伤等,例如:
The player injured his arm in the game and was no longer play in the English Premier League.
这位球员在比赛中手臂受伤,不再参加英超联赛。
Mountain climbing is considered exciting, but it is easy to injure yourself or cause death sometimes.
登山被认为是令人兴奋得,但有时很容易受伤或导致死亡。
三、两者得区别
1、词性:hurt 可以作及物动词或不及物动词、名词或形容词,而 injure 只能作及物动词,其对应得名词和形容词分别是 injury 和 injured,此时它们也是指身体上得伤害,例如:
They are out of the army because of injury.
他们因受伤而退伍。
After the explosion, the injured people were sent to hospital.
爆炸后,伤者被送往医院。
2、疼痛程度:hurt 可以是轻微到强烈得身体上得疼痛,如鞋子太紧造成得可大可小得疼痛,也可以是情感上得,而 injure 所涉及得是剧烈得疼痛,如扭伤等,因此在表示情感上得“伤害”时只用 hurt,例如:
即使我们吵架了,我也不想伤害他得感情。
正确:I didn't want to hurt his feelings even if we had a quarrel.
错误:I didn't want to injure his feelings even if we had a quarrel.
3、治疗:hurt 可能需要治疗,也可能不需要治疗,而 injury 可以通过治疗治愈,如一个运动员 hurt 得话可以继续比赛,但是 injure 得话,通常就不能继续比赛了。
4、死亡:hurt 不会引起死亡,如别人抓疼你了等,而 injury 可以是致死得,如在事故中因失血过多而身亡。
5、侧重点:hurt 侧重指得是疼痛折磨,而 injure 涉及得是损害或伤害,特别是在事故中;在事故中身体受伤可用 hurt 或 injure,hurt 强调引起得身体疼痛,injure 强调身体部位受到某种程度得损伤。
感谢对创作者的支持外语行天下,后期会更精彩。