现 在 完 成 时 态讲解及练习
现 在 完 成 时 态讲解及练习
1、概念：表示某个动作或状态发生在过去，但对现在造成了影响，这个动作或状态也可能已经结束，也可能还要继续下去。
2、现在完成时态的构成：助动词have / has +动词的过去分词。当主语为第三人称单数用has,其余人称用have。否定句在助动词have/ has 后加not ； 疑问句则把助动词Have/ Has 提放到主语之前。如：I have worked here for ten years . She hasn't been to the Great Wall . Have you been to Beijing ?
3、现在完成时态的用法
（1）、表示过去某时刻发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already, yet, just , ever, never…..before, this morning, now , today , so far , in the last/ past+时间段、over +时间段, recently，by+现在时间等连用
如：Tom has already finished his homework. We have had two classes this morning.
（2）、表示从过去某一时刻开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态，常与for 引导的一段时间或since 引导的时间点或过去时间状语从句连用。如：
Mr Green has lived in China for five months.
Mr Green has lived in China since five months ago.
Mr Green has lived in China since he came to China.
4、have/ has been to 与 have/ has gone to 区别
（1）、 have/ has been to 表曾去过某地（现在已不在该地），其后可接表次
数的时间名词。如：Have they been to E'mei Mountain?
（2）、have/ has gone to 表示去某地了（现在不在说话的现场），其后不能
用任何时间名词。如：Where is Jim ? He has gone to the library.
（3）、have/ has been in /at表曾在某地住过、停留过，其后常跟for 或since引导
的时间状语。如：I have been at that village for ten years.
5、短暂性动词与延续性动词在完成时态中的运用
（1）、在肯定句中，不能和for,since引导的时间状语连用，也不能用在how long
引起的特殊疑问句中。
(2). 凡是"完成时态"都表示，不知道也不管动作发生的具体时间, 所以在使用现在完成时的句子里，不可以带有表示具体过去时间的状语，如：yesterday , last week ( month , year , etc. ) , two weeks ago , in 1999等；但常和有些副词连用，如： just , before , already , often , never , ever , not…yet , always等等。
(3). 在以when提问的特殊疑问中不能用现在完成时。另外，ago不能用于现在完成时的句子里，因为它表示从现在算起的以前某个时间，属于表示具体过去时间的状语。但是可以用before 来表示"以前"的意义，因为它只表示"以前"，而不知什么时候的以前。
（4）、大部分短暂性动词可以根据实际情况改为相应的延续性动词来表达相同
或相近的意思，常用的列举如下：
borrow /lend→keep buy →have leave →be away( from) die →be dead
join →be in / be a member of get to know →know begin →be on
come →be / live / stay put on →wear catch a cold →have a cold
get/go to sleep/ fall asleep →sleep, be asleep get up / wake up →be up
go to school →be at school get/ receive (接收）→have
hear from →have a letter from go / come / arrive /get(到达)/reach →be(in/at)
finish →be over
(5)、句型1：It is / has been +时间段+since +句子（过去时态）
It is five years since he came to China.
句型2： It’s [will be] the first time that…(第一次…)：
It’s the first time I’ve come here. 这是我第一次来这儿。
【注意】
一般过去时与现在完成时的区别
过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响；一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用。试比较：
I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了，不涉及现在）
I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
动词不规则变化分类记忆表
一、 ABB型（过去分词与过去式一样）
1、sleep ---slept sweep –swept keep –kept
2、burn ---burnt mean –meant
3、bring—brought fight –fought buy –bought
teach –taught think –thought catch—caught
4、lend –lent build ---built send –sent spend –spent
find –found hold ---held
5、feel ---felt smell –smelt meet –met get –got sit –sat leave –left
lose ---lost
6、sell—sold tell ----told say ---said stand ----stood win ---won
understand –understood make ---made
二、 ABC型（过去分词= 动词原形+n / en ）
1、blow –blew ---blown grow ---grew –grown know ---knew –known
throw ---threw ---thrown draw ---drew –drawn show ---showed ---shown
2、drive ---drove ---driven rise –rose ---risen give ---gave ---given
see ---saw ---seen take ----took ----taken
3、mistake ---mistook ---mistaken eat ---ate ---eaten beat –beat ---beaten
4、fall---fell ---fallen ride ---rode ---riden write ---wrote ---writen
三、 ABC型（过去分词=过去式+n）
break--broke--broken choose--chose--chosen speak ---spoke ---spoken
四、 ABC型（动词原形、过去式、过去分词的元音字母呈i---a----u 变化）
begin ----began ---begun drink ---drank ---drunk ring ---rang –rung
五、 ABC型（原形、过去式、过去分词各不一样）
am/ is ----was ---been are ----were ---been fly ----flew---flown
lie ---lay ----lain do ---did ---done go ---went ---gone
wear ---wore ---worn
六、 ABA型（过去分词与原形一样）
become ---became ---become come ---came ---come run ----ran ----run
七、 AAA型 cut hit hurt let put read
八、 ABB型（两种形式）
hang ---hung / hanged --hung / hanged learn --learned / learnt --learned / learnt
shine --shone / shined --shone / shined smell --smelt / smelled --smelt /smelled
现在完成时态练习
点段动词选择题
1、The train _____for a long time . A.has been away B. has left C.left
2、My brother _____for a week. A. has had a cold B. caught a cold C. has caught a cold
3、--Where is Jim? --He ___the library. A.has gone to B. has been to C. went
4、They ___friends since they met in Shanghai. A. have made B. have become C. have been
5、Tom's brother ____for three years .
A. has joined the army B. has been in the army C.became a solider
6、Mr Brown ____the car for three months . A. bought B. has had C. has bought
7、How long have you ____here? A. been B. gone C. arrived
8、Our maths teacher has ___Australia for a week. A. gone to B. been in C. been to
9、Her grandma has ____ for three years. A. died B. been dead C. dead
10、The film has ____for half an hour. A. begun B. began C. been on
11、I'll lend you mu dictionary ,but you can only ____it for one day. A. keep B. borrow C. lend
12、It has rained ____three days ago. A. since B. for C. /
13、I won't go to see the film because I _____it twice. A. see B. saw C. have seen
14、The factory has been here since it ______. A. opens B. opened C. open
15、He's never been to the Great Wall ,_____? A. isn't he B. hasn't he C. has he
16、Tom has visited his uncle_____. A. yesterday B. tomorrow C. today
17、I haven't had lunch _____. A. already B. yet C. still
18、____has he stayed in that city? For two weeks. A. How long B.When C. How often
19、---I have seen the film "Titannic" already . -----When ____you ____it ?
A. have , seen B. did , see C. did , seen
20.I have ____finished my homework , but Tom hasn't finished his ____.
A. already, already B. yet, already C. alreday,yet
21. What _____the forest of the USA in the last 350 years ?
A. has happened to B. is happened to C. has happened at
22. ----How long ____you ____the library book ?
A. did , borrow B. have, borrowed C. have , kept
23. How many English words _____you _____ by now ?
A. did, learn B. have, learned C. is , learning
24.He hasn't Quanzhou ever since he left school
(A)left (B)been away (C)been (D)away
一、单项选择
1、Both his parents look sad .Maybe they_____what's happened to him .
Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know
2、He has____been to Shanghai , has he ? Ａ.already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ.still
3、Have you met Mr Li ______？Ａ.just Ｂ.ago Ｃ.before Ｄ.a moment ago
4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year
Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written
5、-Our country ______ a lot so far . -Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .
Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; good
Ｃ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better
6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .
Ａ.was ; studying Ｂ.will ; study Ｃ.has ; studied Ｄ.are ; studying
7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I____it twice .Ａ.will see Ｂ.have seen Ｃ.saw Ｄ.see
8、-These farmers have been to the United States.-Really ? When __there ?
Ａ.will they go Ｂ.did they go Ｃ.do they go Ｄ.have they gone
9、-______ you ___ your homework yet ? -Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .
Ａ. Did ; do ; finished Ｂ. Have ; done ; finished
Ｃ. Have ; done ; have finished Ｄ. will ; do ; finish
10、 His father ______ the Party since 1978 .
Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in
11、-Do you know him well ? - Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .
Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have made
12、-How long have you ____ here ? -about two months .
Ａ. been Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. arrived
13、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .
Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begun Ｃ. has been onＤ. began
14、 It ___ten years since he left the army . Ａ. is Ｂ.has Ｃ.will Ｄ.was
15、 Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .
Ａ.has gone Ｂ. went Ｃ.will go Ｄ. has been
16、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .
Ａ. have been in Ｂ. have been to Ｃ. have gone to Ｄ. have been
17、The students have cleaned the classroom, ?
A. so they B. don't they C. have they D. haven't they
18.Mr Green isn't in the office , He to the library
A has gone B went C has been D will go
19.She's never been to England, she? Ahas Bhasn't Cisn't Dis
2._____has Hanmei been in the library. A How long B How soon C How far D How often
二、用since和for填空
1) ______ two years 2) _______ two years ago 3) _______ last month
4) ______ 1999 5) _______ yesterday 6) _______ 4 o’clock
7) ______ 4 hours 8) _______ an hour ago 9)______we were children
10) _____ lunch time 11) ______ she left here
三、 用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。
A: Where ____________ Li Fei ___________? B: He ____________ to Hainan Island.
A: How long ___________ he ___________ there? B: He _____________ there for three days.
A: When will he come back , do you know? B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently.
A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island? B: Sorry, I _________ never ___________ there.
A: How many times ___________ Li Fei __________ to that place?
B: He _____________ there only once.
四、用have/has been to/in, have/has gone to的各种形式填空。
1) Where is Jack? He __________ his country. 2) John _______ England since he came back.
3) How long _____ have _____ this village? 4) The Smiths ______ Beijing for years.
5) _____ you ever ____ America? -- Yes, I _____ there many times.
6) I _____ this school since three years ago.
八、 用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. I_______ already _______ (see) the film. I _____ (see) it last week.
2. ----- _______ he ________(finish) his work ? ------Not yet.
3. -----_______ you ever ________(eat ) chocolates? ----No, never.
4. We (hold) a sports meeting next week.
5. I __________ (work) here since I __________ (move) here in 1999.
6. So far I ______________(make) quite a few friends here.
7. How long ___ __ the Smiths ____(stay)here? ---- For two weeks.
8. What he (do) at 8:00 last night?
9. Mum (cook) when I got home yesterday.
10. The teacher told us that the earth (travel) around the sun.
11.--- Where is Jim?--- He ___ __ (water) the flowers in the garden.
12.--What Tom (do) now? --He (work) on a maths problem.
-- He (work) it out? ---No, not yet. I (think) he (work) it out soon.
13. --- I (hear) a lot about Hong Kong Disneyland recently.
--- Next time you go to Hong Kong, I will take you there.
14. My father (walk) to school from time to time.
15. ---Why are you late again?--- Sorry, I (be) late next time.
16. --- A man named Wang Hao (call) you twice just now.
---He is one of my old friends. I (not meet) him since I left for Hong Kong.
17. My parents (return) today. Don’t forget to meet them at the airport.
18. ---__ ___ Uncle Wang ____ __ (repair) the TV yet? ---Yes, he___ ___.
---When _____ he _____(repair) it? --- Yesterday.
19. ---I’m hungry Mum.
---Hungry? You just (eat) four hamburgers.
20. -----_____you _______(be) to Beijing?
----Yes, I already _________(be) there twice.
