英语基础知识(必背)

12-26 生活常识 投稿:想和星星遨游
英语基础知识(必背)

一、一个星期七天

Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

二、一年十二个月

January February March April May June

July August September October November December

三、一年四季

1. spring 2. summer 3. autumn 4. winter

四、容易拼写错的数字

1. eighth第八 2. ninth第九 3. forty四十 4. twelfth第十二 5. twentieth第二十

五、亲属称呼

1.daughter (女儿) 2. niece (女性晚辈) 3. nephew (男性晚辈) 4. cousin (同辈兄弟姐妹) 5. aunt (女性长辈) 6. uncle (男性长辈)

六、以下动词加-ed或-ing要双写最后一个字母

1. regret (regretted, regretting) 后悔 2. control (controlled, controlling) 控制

3. admit (admitted, admitting) 承认 4. occur (occurred, occurring) 出现

5. prefer (preferred, preferring) 宁愿 6. refer (referred, referring) 提到

7. forget (forgetting ) 忘记 8. permit (permitted, permitting)允许

9. equip (equipped, equipping) 装备

注意:quarrel, signal, travel中的l可双写(英国英语)也可不双写(美国英语)

七、部分过去式和过去分词不规则变化的动词

1. broadcast (broadcast, broadcast) 广播 2. flee (fled, fled) 逃跑

3. forbid (forbade, forbidden) 禁止 4. forgive (forgave, forgiven) 原谅

5. freeze (froze, frozen) 结冰 6. hang (作“绞死”讲,是规则的;作“悬挂”讲,其过去式过去分词都是hung)

7. lie –lied –lied 说谎; lie—lay---lain躺下 lay-laid- laid 放置 8. seek (sought, sought) 寻求

9. shake (shook, shaken) 发抖 10. sing (sang, sung) 唱歌

11. sink (sank, sunk/sunken) 下沉 12. spread (spread, spread) 传播

13. swim (swam, swum) 游泳 14. tear (tore, torn) 撕碎

16.wear( wore; worn) 穿/戴 17.hold (held, held ) 18.make (made, made) 19. keep (kept, kept)

八、意思相近的词

1. check (核对)/ examine(检查)/ test(测试) 2. receive(收到) / accept(接受)

3. destroy (毁坏;毁灭)/ damage(破坏) 4. celebrate(庆祝)/ congratulate(祝贺)

5. wear sth / dress sb 穿衣

九、注意形容词变名词时的拼写变化

1. long—length 长度 2. wide—width 宽度 3. high—height 高度 4. strong—strength力量

以-ic结尾的动词,应先把-ic变为-ick,再加ing或ed

1. picnic (picnicked, picnicking) 野餐

十、个别名词的复数拼写

1. German (Germans) 德国人 2. gulf (gulfs) 海湾

3. handkerchief (handkerchiefs) 手帕roof (roofs) 房顶

4. hero (英雄),potato (土豆),tomato (西红柿) 等有生命的以-o结尾的名词变复数时要加-es。

十一、注意动词变名词时的拼写变化

1. succeed—success成功 2. pronounce—pronunciation 发音 3 . explain—explanation解释

4. decide—decision 决定5. enter—entrance进入 6. permit—permission 允许

7. consider—consideration 考虑 8. expect—expectation 期待 9. discover—discovery 发现

10. bury—burial 埋葬 11. conclude—conclusion 得出结论 12. arrive—arrival 到达

13. weigh—weight 重量 14. describe—description 描述 15. lose—loss 损失

16. anxious---anxiety 焦虑

十二、注意形容词变副词时的拼写变化

1. beautiful美丽的—beautifully 2. possible可能的—possibly

3. practical实际的—practically 4. particular特别的—particularly

5. successful成功的—successfully

十三、常用英汉互译知识

1. 元宵节: Lantern Festival 2. 刺绣:embroidery

3. 重阳节:Double-Ninth Festival 4. 清明节:Tomb sweeping day

5. 剪纸:Paper Cutting 6. 书法:Calligraphy

7. 对联:(Spring Festival) Couplets 8.象形文字:Pictograms/Pictographic Characters

9. 人才流动:Brain Drain/Brain Flow 10. 四合院:Siheyuan/Quadrangle 11. 战国:Warring States

12. 风水:Fengshui/Geomantic Omen 13. 铁饭碗:Iron Bowl

14. 函授部:The Correspondence Department 15. 集体舞:Group Dance

16. 黄土高原:Loess Plateau 17. 红白喜事:Weddings and Funerals

18. 中秋节:Mid-Autumn Day 19. 结婚证:Marriage Certificate

20. 儒家文化:Confucian Culture 21. 附属学校:Affiliated school

22. 古装片:Costume Drama23. 武打片:Chinese Swordplay Movie

24. 元宵:Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling (Soup) 25. 一国两制:One Country, Two Systems

26. 火锅:Hot Pot 27. 四人帮:Gang of Four

28. 《诗经》:The Book of Songs

29. 素质教育:Essential-qualities-oriented Education

30. 《史记》:Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian

31. 大跃进:Great Leap Forward (Movement)

32. 《西游记》:The Journey to the West

33. 除夕:Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival

34. 针灸:Acupuncture

35. 唐三彩:Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/ The Tang Tri-colored pottery

36. 中国特色的社会主义:Chinese-charactered Socialist/Socialist with Chinese characteristics

37. 偏旁:radical

38. 孟子:Mencius

39. 亭/阁: Pavilion/ Attic

40. 大中型国有企业:Large and Medium-sized State-owned Enterprises

41. 火药:gunpowder

42. 农历:Lunar Calendar

43. 印/玺:Seal/Stamp

44. 物质精神文明建设:The Construction of Material Civilization and Spiritual Civilization

45. 京剧:Beijing Opera/Peking Opera

46. 秦腔:Crying of Qin People/Qin Opera

47. 太极拳:Tai Chi

48. 独生子女证:The Certificate of One-child

49. 天坛:Altar of Heaven in Beijing

50. 小吃摊:Snack Bar/Snack Stand

51. 红双喜:Double Happiness

52. 政治辅导员:Political Counselor/School Counselor

53. 春卷:Spring Roll(s)

54. 莲藕:Lotus Root

55. 追星族:Star Struck

56. 故宫博物院:The Palace Museum

57. 相声:Cross-talk/Comic Dialogue

58. 下岗:Lay off/Laid off

59. 北京烤鸭:Beijing Roast Duck

60. 高等自学考试:Self-taught Examination of Higher Education

61. 烟花爆竹:fireworks and firecracker

62. 敦煌莫高窟:Mogao Caves

63. 电视小品:TV Sketch/TV Skit

64. 香港澳门同胞:Compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao

65. 文化大革命:Cultural Revolution

66. 长江中下游地区:The Mid-low Reaches of Yangtze River

67. 门当户对:Perfect Match/Exact Match

68. 《水浒》:Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh

69. 中外合资企业:Joint Ventures

70. 文房四宝(笔墨纸砚):'The Four Treasure of the Study' 'Brush, Inkstick, Paper, and Inkstone'。

十四、其它必背单词

1. abroad 国外

2. absence n. 缺席 (absent adj.)

3. accept 接受)

4. accident事故 (accidental adj. 偶然的,accidentally adv. 偶然地)

5. achievement成就 (achieve v. 获得)

6. address地址

7. admire钦佩

8. admit承认 (admitted)

9. agreement 协议

10. agriculture农业 (agricultural adj. 农业的) industry 工业(industrial工业的)

11. altogether总共

12. ancient 古代的

13. announce宣告、通知 announcement ( n. 口头通知)

14. anxiety 忧虑 (anxious adj. 焦急的,anxiously adv. 焦急地)

15. apologize v. 道歉 (apology n. 道歉)

16. appear 出现(appearance 外貌 n.)disappear消失/不见

17. appreciate感激/欣赏 (感激人用thank sb;谢谢某人做的事用appreciate sth.)

18. Asian(亚洲的)

19. assistant 助手

20. astonish吃惊 (astonishment n. 吃惊,astonishing令吃惊的,astonished吃惊的)

21. astronaut 宇航员

22. atmosphere气氛

23. attempt尝试 (n / v) attempt to do sth

24. attentively 专心地

25. attention 专心 pay attention to doing sth

26. attitude 态度

27. attract 吸引 (attraction吸引力)

28. average平均 / 平均的 on average 平均

30. balance平衡 keep the balance of nature保持生态平衡

31. beauty 美 (beautiful, beautifully ) beautify美化

32. believe相信 (belief n. 信念,其复数是beliefs)

33. beyond超过

34. biology生物

35. birthday生日

36. bravery 勇敢 brave勇敢的 bravely勇敢地

37.broad宽阔的

38. broadcast广播(broadcast broadcast;)

39. care 关心 careful 小心的 carefully小心地

40. ceiling天花板

41. cinema电影院

42. celebrate庆祝

43. celebration 庆祝n.

44. century 世纪

45. challenge 挑战

46. character 性格

47. charge收费 be charge of / take charge of 管理?

48. comfort v. & n. 安慰 comfortable 舒适的adj. comfortably adv.舒适地

50. comment 评论

51. communicate (vt) communication (n) 交流

52. competition 竞赛 (compete v. 竞赛competitor 竞赛者)

53. composition 作文

54. concert 音乐会

55. conclude v. conclusion n. 结论

56. condition情况 (conditions条件)

57. concern 关心 (vt)

58. congratulations 祝贺 (congratulate v.)

59. constant 不断的 constantly 不断地

60. construction(建设)

61. continue继续

62. contribution 贡献 (contribute v.) make contributions to 对?做出贡献

63. convenient (adj.) 方便的 conveniently方便地

64. conversation 谈话

65. coughing咳嗽

66. cousin表兄弟

67. cruel的 (adj. cruelly 残酷地adv.)

68. curious 好奇的 (curiosity n. 好奇)

69. culture(cultural文化的adj.)

70. customer 顾客

72. custom习俗

73. destroy毁灭 (其过去式是destroyed)

74. declare宣称

75. delicious 美味

76. damage损坏

77. determined 有决心的 be determined to do sth 决心做某事

78. develop发展 (development n. developing 发展中的,developed发达的)

79. dialogue 对话

80. diary 日记 (dairy 奶制品)

81. difference 不同点 (复数differences) different不同的 differently 不同地differ from be different from make differences

82. disappointed失望的 (disappointing 让人失望的)

83. disappointment 失望

84. discovery 发现 (复数discoveries,动词discover,发现者discoverer)

85. disturb打扰 86. dollar美元 (其复数是dollars) 87. downstairs楼下 upstairs楼上

88. dream梦想 (其过去式是dreamed或dreamt)

89. electricity电 (electrical电的,electric 电的)

90. employ 雇用 (employment n. employer 雇主, employee雇员)

91. empty倒空 (可用动词,其过去式是emptied)

92. encourage鼓励 (encouraging, encouraged, encouragement n.) encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事

93. energy能量

94. envelope 信封

95. envy n. 妒忌

96. equal(平等的) equality平等

97. equipment设备

98. especially 尤其是

99. essential(重要的)

100. European 欧洲人

101. event事件

107. expert 专家

102. excellent极好 (excellence n. excellently adv.)

104. exhibition展览

105. expense 耗费 expensive 昂贵的

106. experience 经验/经历 (experienced 有经验的) an unusual experience一次不同寻常的经历 have much experience经验丰富

108. express (vt) 表达 expression (n)

107. impress 印象 impression (n.)

109. fail v.失败 failure n.失败 fail to do sth 没做成某事

110. familiar(熟悉的) be familiar to /with

112. favorite 最喜爱的 flexible 灵活的

113. figure人物/数字

114. finger手指

115. flight飞行

116. forehead前额

117. foreign(外国的)

118. fortunate幸运的 fortunately幸运地 unfortunately不幸运地

119. forward向前

120. freezing 极冷的 (frozen 冷冻的)

121. frequently 经常地

122. furniture 家具

123.far 远的 further进一步的

124. generally 大概 generally speaking 一般来说

125. geography地理

126. Germany德国

127. government

128. gradual 逐渐的 gradually逐渐地

129. graduation毕业 (graduate from毕业于 )

130. grammar语法

131. habit习惯 form a habit of 养成?习惯

132. handkerchief 手绢)

133. honest诚实的honesty 诚实

134. honor/honour 荣誉

135. imagination 想象力 (imagine v.)

136. immediate (立即的) immediately马上(adv)

139. incident小事件

140. including包括 (include v.)

141.independent 独立的

142. industry工业 (industrial adj. 工业的)

143. information 信息

144. instrument 仪器

145. institute学院

146. inspire激励 (inspiration n. inspiring鼓舞人心的, inspired受鼓舞的)

147. interest 兴趣 interesting有兴趣的 be interested in对?感兴趣

148. interrupt 打断

150. introduce介绍 (introduction n.)

151. regular规则的 irregular 不规则的

152. journey旅程

153. judge判断 (judgment) judging from 根据?来判断

154. kindergarten幼儿园

155. knowledge 知识

156. labor/labour劳动

157. late 迟的 late1y最近

158. laugh笑 laughter笑声

159. law法律 lawyer律师 legal合法的 illegal非法的 160. library 图书馆 librarian图书馆理员

161. lose掉失,(lost ,lost) loss损失 n.

162. luck 幸运 lucky幸运的 luckily幸运地

163. magazine杂志

164. majority (大多数)

166. manage 设法 (manager经理, management管理) manage to do 设法做到..

167. market(市场) supermarket超市

168. marriage 结婚 (marry v. 结婚,married已婚的) get married to 与某人结婚

169. material(s)材料)

171. mayor市长

172. mean (意味、打算) meaning 意义 meaningful 有意义的

173. measure测量 take measures 采取措施

174. medal 奖章 (比较:model 模型 metal 金属)

175. memory记忆力 (memorize v. 记住,remember 记得)

176. message 口信

178. modern现代的

179. modest谦虚的

180. monitor 班长

181. moustache 胡子

182. murder谋杀 (murderer 凶手)

183. music 音乐 musical音乐的 musician 音乐家

184. mysterious 神秘的 (mystery 神秘)

185. nationality国籍 (nation 国家,national国家的)

186. nature 自然 natural自然的)

187. naughty 淘气的

188. normal 正常的

190. necessary 必要 it is necessary for sb to do sth 某人有必要做某事

191. obey (遵守) break 违反

192. obvious 明显的 obviously 明显地

193. offer主动提供) offer to do sth主动做某事

194. operate动手术 operation手术

195. opportunity 机会(=chance)

196. ordinary 普通的

197. organize/organise(组织) organization组织

198. particularly 特别是

199. passenger 旅客

200. problem难题 question问题

201. patience耐心patient耐心的;病人 (patiently耐心地)

203. perfect 完美(的) (perfectly) Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧

204. perform (表演)

205. perhaps 或许

206. period 时期

207. permit 许可 vt permission许可 n

208. persuaded(说服)

209. phenomenon 现象 phenomena 现象(复数)

210. physicist 物理学家

211. pilot (飞行员)

212. poisonous 有毒的 (poison)

213. political 政治的 (politics)

214. popular受欢迎的

215. population人口

216. position 职位

217. possibility(-ies)可能性 (possible 可能的)

218. poverty 贫穷n (poor贫穷的 )

220. practice实践 practical (可实施的,实际的)

221. prepare(准备) preparation

222. press 压/按 pressure(压力)

223. pretend假装 pretend to do sth 假装做某事

224. professor 教授

225. profit 利润

226. progress进步 make good progress进步很大

227. pronounce发音 pronunciation (n.发音)

228. provide 提供 (比较: supply/ provide sb with sth offer sb sth提供某人某物,

229. public 公众

230. purpose目的 on purpose故意地

231. quality质量/素质

232. quantity(数量

233. realize (实现vt) reality n.现实

234. receive 收到

235. recently(最近= lately)

236. recycle( 循环再用)

237. recognize 认出

238. regards 问候 give my regards to sb请带我向某人问候

239. remind提醒 remind sb of sth 提醒某人某物

240. repeat vt.重复(repetition n.重复)

241. respect尊敬

242. restaurant 餐馆

244. satisfaction满意 (satisfy, satisfied, satisfying)

246. Saturday(星期六)

247. scientific 科学的

248. scientific科学的

249. secretary秘书

250. secretly (秘密地)

251. separately单独地

252. separate (单独的adj、分开vt)

253. serious 严重的 (seriously)

254. serve (v) – service (n)服务

255. shortcoming缺点

256. silence 安静 (silent安静的-silently安静地)

257. succeed (vi) 成功success (n) 成功 successful (adj) 成功的 successfully (adv) Succeed in doing sth 成功做某事(=be successful to do sth)

258. similar 类似的 (similarity –ies相似之处)

259. situation形势/情况

260. slightly(稍微)

261. society 社会 (social adj. 社会的)

262. southern(南方的) northern北方的 western 西方的 eastern 东方的

263. special特别的

264. species 物种 (单复数同形)

265. spring春天

266. square 平方

267. steal –stole --stolen(偷)

268. straight(直的)

269. suit合适 suitable合适的

270. support支持/支撑 support the family养家糊口

271. surprise吃惊 to one’s surprise使某人吃惊的是 be surprised at 对..感到吃惊

272. surround 包围 surrounding周围的 surroundings环境

273. swimming(游泳n.)

276. temperature温度

284. umbrella(雨伞)

274. technique 技术 (technical adj. 技术的)

275. technology技术

276. theory 理论 in theory 理论上

277. thirst 渴n thirsty口渴的adj

278. thorough 彻底的

289. total合计

280. traffic 交通traffic jam 塞车

281. translate翻译 translation 翻译 translator翻译家

282. interpret 解说, interpreter 口语翻译)

283. usual平常的 unusual不寻常的unusually不寻常地

284. unwilling 不愿意 (willing adj. 愿意 will n. 意志) be willing to do 愿意做?

285. vacation假期(=holiday )

286. various各种各样的 (variety n. 种类)

287. victim受害者

288. victory胜利

289. vocabulary词汇

290. voyage航行

291. waste (浪费) It’s a waste to do sth 做某事时一种浪费

292. wealth财富

293. weather天气 whether是否

294. whisper 低语

295. worship崇拜

英语语法基础入门

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